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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2023-11-25 Origin: Site
Nd:YAG lasers are one of the most popular laser types used for laser hair removal treatments. As an acronym for neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, this solid-state laser utilizes a synthetic crystal comprised of yttrium, aluminum, and garnet doped with neodymium ions. During the laser hair removal process, the 1064 nm near-infrared light emitted by the Nd:YAG laser can effectively target melanin pigment within darker terminal hair follicles. This photothermal process damages the hair follicle without significantly impacting surrounding lighter skin tissues.
In addition to hair removal for darker hair and skin types, Nd:YAG lasers also prove valuable for treating vascular and pigmented lesions, tattoos, and skin rejuvenation.
The 1064 nm wavelength can penetrate deeper into the dermis than other visible or UV wavelengths, enabling various skin remedies through photothermal, photoacoustic, and photomechanical means depending on pulsing techniques. This versatility makes Nd:YAG lasers useful for numerous cosmetic dermatology applications.
While no laser hair removal solution proves wholly permanent due to variability in hair growth cycles and patient factors, Nd:YAG lasers can provide very long term hair reduction, especially for coarse dark hair. Across multiple treatments catching hair follicles in distinct growth phases, Nd:YAG induced photothermal damage accumulates, significantly retarding regrowth. Continued occasional touch-up treatments help sustain maximal reductions. However, not all hair stem cells perish during the laser sessions. Follicles may eventually rejuvenate given enough elapsed time without re-treatment. But substantively extended periods of smooth skin generally prevail from periodic Nd:YAG hair removal.
Many modern Nd:YAG aesthetic lasers utilize advanced q-switching techniques for optimal pulsing. This involves an intra-cavity optical switch enabling extremely short, high peak power pulses on the nanosecond scale. Q-switching maximizes laser energy delivery for enhanced photomechanical impact within the brief pulses. This drives improved treatment efficacy across tattoo removal, pigmented lesion therapies, and laser hair reduction applications using Nd:YAG wavelengths.
Diode laser hair removal leverages direct emission of laser light from a semiconducting diode’s p-n junction rather than an optically pumped crystal. This more electrically driven lasing technique generates a longer 800-810 nm near infrared wavelength optimal for targeting melanin in the hair shaft itself. Light absorption heats and thermally damages the entire hair structure below the skin for delayed and disrupted regrowth. The diode’s longer wavelength also penetrates deeper into the dermis for follicles more embedded within the skin.
Most patients require 6 or more periodic diode laser hair removal sessions to see optimal lasting reductions. Catching successive crops of hairs arriving in different growth cycles proves essential. While 30-50% reductions arise after the initial couple treatments, further successive rounds proving necessary until hair ceases to reappear. Touch up sessions may remain necessary beyond the initial 6 as well, though increasing spacing between them. Maintenance sessions sustain the smooth results years later.
Alexandrite lasers constitute another leading option within aesthetic medicine for laser hair removal and other vascular lesion remedies. This system utilizes an alexandrite crystal activated by red laser light to emit a 755 nm wavelength. melanin chromophores readily absorb this shorter wavelength light, enabling effective targeting of hair follicles in the anagen growth phase.
In the anagen or growth stage, stem cells surrounding the follicle base contain melanocytes filled with melanin. By selectively targeting melanin in the hair matrix cells with its 755nm light, the alexandrite laser thermally damages both the melanocytes themselves plus the crucial stem cells needed for new growth cycles. This provides longer lasting hair removal.
As the first human-made laser, ruby lasers hold significance in history though limited roles in modern cosmetic laser applications. Nonetheless, some selective usage yet persists based on its 694 nm red wavelength.
While highly versatile alexandrite and diode lasers offer better efficacy across wider skin types, making ruby lasers nearly obsolete, one exception maintains. For extremely fine light blond, white, or gray hair not containing ample melanin for competition wavelengths, ruby laser energy can sufficiently target these troublesome hairs. Through a process called photomechanical shear stress rather than melanin absorption, ruby pulses provide mild effectiveness removing lightly pigmented fine hair--one of the only options outside of electrolysis for such blonde strands.
Intense pulsed light (IPL) constitutes another mechanism clinics use for long term hair reduction. However, critical differences separate IPL from defining laser categories.
While IPL seems equivalent to lasers, no stimulated emission or optical gains occur with IPL devices. Instead, filtered broad spectrum flashlamp light emits from Xenon plasma arcs or LEDs, uncoordinated. This wider band light risks less selective absorption than laser monochromatic wavelengths tuned to chromophores like melanin. Still, modern precision pulsing systems help focus IPL bursts. When parameters suit patient skin and hair types, IPLs effectively treat moderate hair growth long term, though laser’s coherency proves superior in achieving permanent follicle destruction.
If selecting a more affordable hair removal option, IPL devices warrant consideration given their ability to broadly treat hair color variations. However laser systems stand unmatched regarding true long term terminality of growth cycles. In contrast, IPL mainly retards hairs, requiring ongoing periodic treatments for cohorts reaching new growth phases. Factoring total costs long term given client volume and revenue projections compared to treatment times and efficacy helps determine ideal return on investment and system longevity between IPL and laser possibilities.
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References:
1.Laser and Light-Based Therapy in the Management of Hair Disorders" by Nada Elbuluk and Lynn A. Drake (Journal of Drugs in Dermatology)
2.Laser Hair Removal: A Review" by Sukhbir Singh and Sunil Dogra (Indian Journal of Dermatology)
3.Laser Hair Removal: A Review and Update" by Jeffrey S. Dover and Kenneth A. Arndt (Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy)
4.Nd:YAG laser in dermatology" by Tarun Narang and Biju Vasudevan (Indian Journal of Dermatology)
5.Clinical efficacy of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment in patients with melasma" by Yoon-Soo Cindy Bae and Hyun-Ju Kim (Journal of Dermatological Treatment)
6.A review of diode lasers in the treatment of vascular lesions" by Roy G. Geronemus and Arielle N.B. Kauvar (Dermatologic Surgery)
7.Alexandrite laser hair removal is safe for Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI" by Jennifer L. MacGregor et al. (Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy)
8.Factors affecting ruby laser hair removal" by M. Farrokhnia and V. Nouri (Dermatologic Surgery)
